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| Halifax was founded and plans for English settlers were being made. Lawrence was waiting for the opportunity to rid the colony of the Acadians. |
| The final days ... | |
| Halifax was founded in 1749 and was the governmental
headquarters. From Halifax to Minas was only a trail. Jean
Melanson (from Canard) and Claude LeBlanc (from Grand Pre) made the trip
in a few days to speak to Cornwallis on behalf of the people. They
found that they were supposed to bring a proclamation back to their people
and make it public. They had to take the oath without restriction.
The deputies (representatives) from all areas returned to respectfully
say no. Cornwallis said everyone had to take it without exception
by Oct. 26 or lose their rights and property. The deputies went to the
people, told the news, and reported to Cornwallis in a few weeks.
What they brought back was a paper with a thousand “signatures” referring
to the previous oath and how well they’ve “behaved” since then.
It repeated their fear of the Indians and asked if they could take the same oath as taken under Philipps; otherwise they wanted to leave the country. Cornwallis was harsh about it. He wrote to the Lords of Trade saying he would use the Acadians while they were there. And he prevented the Acadians from leaving. The French were building a fort at Beausejour. They got Abbe Le Loutre to try to talk the Acadians into moving to French territory. The Acadians were concerned about Cornwallis’plans. Actions by the French got some Acadians to join the Indians in acting against the English. It was too late in the year for a general withdrawal, though some left. [Herbin, 80] The English sent ~100 men to Minas under Captain Handfield to prevent Acadian movements. It was too late to build barracks, so they enclosed 3 houses, in a triangular picketing with half bastions, on a hill. A blockhouse from Port Royal had been brought and set up in the camp. The “fort” was known as Vieux Logis. The people helped provide for the soldiers, helped poorer settlers build houses at Halifax, and cleared a road to Halifax about 18’ wide. [Herbin, 81] In October 1749, 300 Indians (spurred on by the French) blockaded the Minas fort so the Acadians could leave; shots were fired, but no one was killed. But the people wanted to wait to hear from the governor, so the Indians left. The Indians surprised an 18 man group led by Capt. Hamilton and took them and notary Leblanc with them. By 1750, a fort (Ft. Edward) had been built at Pisiquid. Cornwallis still wanted them to take the oath, and they still wanted to leave the country. Hopson succeeded Cornwallis. The Acadians were raising much more crops than they needed. Vieux Logis was falling apart, so the men were sent to Fort Edward. [Herbin, 82] Hopson recognized the problems the Acadians had with the oath, and knew how important the Acadians were to the country. He made a treaty with the Indians, and would have helped the Acadians’ situation, but he had to retire as governor after 15 months due to health problems. He had laid out rules for the fair treatment of Acadians ... that they should be treated as well as other subjects of England. [Herbin, 83] Hopson was replaced by Charles Lawrence. Many documents show that Lawrence had desires to get rid of the Acadians. He used the acts of individuals to make charges against the whole population. He revoked Hopson’s orders (ie. not to use military force if they refused to comply). One example was that if an Acadian was ordered to get firewood, and he didn’t do it promptly ... his house would be used for fuel. About 3,000 made their way to the northwest. Besides pressure from Lawrence, the Acadians had heard reports that Governor Shirley planned to take some of their land and settle Protestants among them, and offering privileges to the French who would convert. He had even sent a report to England on how to convert them to Protestantism. Many documents show that Lawrence had desires
to get rid of the Acadians. The acts of individuals were charged
to the whole population. The English openly stated their fear that
the Acadians would join arms with the French. But the fact is that the
English just wanted to get rid of the Acadians. When a number of Acadians
were caught fighting with the French, it provided the incentive for Charles
Lawrence to start the ball rolling. He revoked Hopson’s orders (ie. not
to use military force if they refused to comply). One example was
if ordered to get firewood, and they didn’t do it promptly ... use their
houses for fuel. [Herbin, 86]
On July 28, 1755, Lawrence and the council
decided to deport the Acadians.
The 1755 Exile, as will as the 1758 Exile, are covered in the following section. |
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Continue to The Exile
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